kinematics, velocity, acceleration and speed

 

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Dec 19 2021 3 min read

Kinematics

Mechanics

Mechanics is the branch of physics which is mainly concerned with the laws of motion and gravitation.

There are two types of mechanics.

1) Kinematics                         2) Dynamics

Kinematics

Kinematics is the branch of mechanics which deals with the motion without reference of force which causes the motion

Rest and motion

A body is said to be in the state of rest if it does not change it’s position with the respect to its surrounding.

For example:  A train stationed in a platform, the tree and etc

A body is said in the state of motion if it changes its position with the respect to it’s surrounding.

For example:  A moving bus, an flying airplane and etc.

Motion

The motion of an object can be described by specifying its position, change in position. Speed,  velocity and acceleration.

There are three types of motion

1) Translatory motion
2) Rotary motion
3) Vibratory motion

Translatory motion:

When all the points of moving body moves uniformly along the same straight line, such motion is called translatory motion. There are three types of translator motion.

1) Linear motion                   2) Circular motion                                3) random motion

Linear motion

Motion of a body in a straight line is called linear motion.

For example: The motion of a bus in a straight line on road.

Circular motion:

Motion of a body into a circular path is called circular motion

For example: A satellite moves around the earth, electron revolve around the nucleus

Random motion

Irregular motion of a body is known as random motion.

For example: the motion of butterfly, house fly, dust and some particles.

Rotatory Motion

The motion of a body around a fixed axes which passes through body itself is called spin or rotatory motion.

For example: the motion of fan and spinning top?

Vibratory motion

Back and forth motion of a body about its mean position is called vibratory or oscillatory motion.

For Example: there are many examples of vibratory or oscillatory motion in daily life. For example, motion of the clock’s pendulum.

Speed and velocity

speed

The speed of an object determines how fast an object is moving? It is rate of change of position of an object. There are many ways to determine speed of an object. These methods depend on measurement of two quantities. The distance traveled and the time taken. Thus the average speed of an object can be calculated as:

 

Definition: Distance covered by an object in a unit time is called speed.

Velocity

Velocity means speed of an object in a certain direction. Velocity is a vector quantity. Thus velocity of an object can be defined as:

Rate of change of displacement with respect to time is called velocity.

Acceleration

Rate of change of velocity of an object with respect to time is called acceleration.

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