What is matter and states of matter| properties of matter

 

Written by Ali Subhan Kiani

Dec 21 2021 3 min read

Properties of matter

States of matter

There are three states of matter. These states are solid, liquid and gas. All the material objects around us belong to any one of these states. Water is the best examples of these three states of matter. The solid state of water is ice, the liquid state of water is itself and the gaseous state of water is steam.

The terms that change the state of matter

The terms which changes the state of matter are

Melting: Conversion form solid to liquid.

Boiling: Conversion from liquid to gas.

Freezing: Conversion from liquid to solid.

Condensing: Conversion from gas to liquid.

Evaporation: Conversion from liquid to gas.

Note: evaporation is changed from the boiling

Kinetic molecular model of matter

The kinetic molecular model of matter is defined as, matters are made up of tiny particles are called atom called molecules. These molecules are always in continues random motion.

According to this model particles are in continues motion. Thus an alternative name for model is “the particle model of matter”. The evidence of molecular motion is Brownian motion.

Brownian motion

The evidence of molecular motion was first discovered by an botanist scientist Robert Brown in 1827. He observed the random movement of pollen grains in the water it is because of movement of water molecules. This is called Brownian motion name after the scientist.

Forces and kinetic theory

According to the kinetic molecular model molecules of gases have large kinetic energy as a result there are no forces of attraction between them as a result molecules of gases and move freely and go farther apart? This is why this is why gases can occupy any available space and can be compressed easily.

Gases and the kinetic theory

Kinetic molecular theory clearly describes the properties and behavior of gases. Hot air balloon are the  

Practical application of the discussion given below:

The behavior of gases

The molecules in the gases have relatively large distance between them.

Pressure

We already know that pressure is defined as the force per unit area. All the gases exert pressure on the

Walls of their container.

Volume

We know that the space occupied by substance is known as volume. The gas the gas has no definite

Volume because the molecules of the gas are far away from each other and can move freely at high

Speed.

Temperature

The temperature of the gas is determined by the average transnational kinetic energy of its molecules. if

a gas is heated the average transnational kinetic energy of its molecule increase and temperature of the

the gas rises. If a gas is cooled down the average transnational kinetic energy of its molecules decreases

and temperature of the gas falls.

Pressure – volume relationship in gases

Robert Boyle, an English physicist and chemist in 1662, studied the relationship between pressure and

Volume of a gas.

The result of a Boyle's experiment are shown below:

P is proportional 1/v     or   V is proportional 1/p

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