Chemical Bond| Introduction of Chemical Bond

 

Written by Ali Subhan Kiani

Dec 31 2021 5 min read

Chemical Bonding

Introduction

You have learnt about matter. You are also familiar with the fact that all the matters in this world are composed of atmos. The attractive force which binds atom together is called as chemical bond or chemical forces. Few elements also consist of un-bounded atoms. For instance, helium, neon, argon, xenon, and krypton present in the atmosphere consist of un-bounded atoms. The way in which various are bounded together has a effect on the properties of substances.

Today we will explore the nature of various types in chemical bonding.

some examples of chemical bond

Why do atoms form chemical bond?

Why do atoms form chemical bonds? The essential answer is that everyone in the world desires to be stable in their life. Atoms are just like that, they are also trying to become more stable, so atom try to shares required numbers of electron with each other to be obtain the electronic configuration of noble gases

Formation of Chemical Bond

Chemical bonding is the combining of atoms to form new substances. An interaction that holds two atoms together is called a chemical bond. Atoms can lose, gain or share valence electrons to form chemical bonds.

Types of chemical bonds

There are three types of chemical bonds depending on the tendency of an atom to lose or gain or share electrons.

Ionic bond

Covalent bond

Co-ordinate covalent bond or dative covalent

Concept of donor and acceptor

The atom that donates the electron pair is called the donor and the other atom which accepts the electron pair is called acceptor. A coordinate covalent bond is represent by an arrow pointing towards the atom which accepts the electron pair.

Intermolecular forces

As we already discussed that some forces which hold the atoms together in a substance are called chemical bonds. Moreover, along with these strong bonding forces, weak forces are also created in between the molecules. these are called intermolecular forces.  Thus, intermolecular forces are defined as the set f all the forces that occur between two neighboring molecules.

Chemical bond in Diamond (Structure of Diamond)

Diamond crystal is usually octahedral is shape. In Diamond each carbon atom is covalently bonded with four other carbon atoms to give a basic tetrahedral unit. The crystal lattice of Diamond is built up from these basic tetrahedral units. These basic tetrahedral units unite with one another indefinitely forming a giant three – dimensional molecule refers the basic tetrahedral unit and refers the giant three – dimensional molecule of diamond.

As a result of the strength and uniformly of the bonds, the stable and the rigid crystal lattice, diamond is the hardest substance known to man. Because there is no free electron in the crystal of diamond, so diamond is bad conductor of electricity.

Nature of Bonding and Properties

As discussed earlier the losing or gaining of electrons leads to ionic bonding, while the sharing of electrons leads to covalent bonding. The properties of the compounds depend upon the nature of bonds existing between them. Let us now discuss the effect of nature of bonding on the properties of compounds.